Косвенная речь. Прошедшее время
Увы, в прошедшем времени все не так просто, как хотелось бы.
Прямая речь. He said, “The weather is fine.” — Он сказал: «Погода хорошая».
Косвенная речь. He said (that) the weather was fine. — Он сказал, что погода хорошая.
Обратили внимание, что в косвенной речи изменилось время английского глагола? (В прямой речи — is, в косвенной — was?) В английском языке это называется «согласованием времен». Нам понять это трудно, нужно просто запомнить!
Согласование времен
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| Present Indefinite He said, “I go to school.” | Past Indefinite He said (that) he went to school. |
| Present Continuous He said, “I am going to school.” | Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to school. |
| Past Indefinite He said, “I went to school.” | Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school. |
| Present Perfect He said, “I have gone to school.” | Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school. |
| Past Continuous He said, “I was going to school.” | Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school. |
| Present Perfect Continuous He said, “I have been going to school.” | Past Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school. |
Модальные глаголы
Правила изменения модальных глаголов при переходе к косвенной речи:
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| can He said, “I can go to school.” | could He said (that) he could go to school. |
| could He said, “I could go to school.” | could He said (that) he could go to school. |
| will He said, “I will go to school.” | would He said (that) he would go to school. |
| may He said, “I may go to school.” | might He said (that) he might go to school. |
| might He said, “I might go to school.” | might He said (that) he might go to school. |
| must He said, “I must go to school.” | had to He said (that) he had to go to school. |
| have to He said, “I have to go to school.” | had to He said (that) he had to go to school. |
| shall He said, “I shall go to school.” | should He said (that) he should go to school.” |
| should He said, “I should go to school.” | should He said (that) he should go to school.” |
| ought to He said, “I ought to go to school.” | ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school.” |
Примечание. Обратите внимание, что при переходе к косвенной речи без изменения остаются модальные глаголы: could, would, should, might, ought to.
Местоимения и наречия
В косвенной речи местоимения и наречия времени и места тоже меняются.
Прямая речь. She said, “I bought this bag here yesterday.”
Косвенная речь. She said that she had bought that dress there the day before.
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| this этот | that тот, этот |
| these эти | those те, эти |
| now сейчас, теперь | then тогда |
| here здесь | there там |
| today сегодня | that day в тот день |
| tomorrow завтра | the next day на следующий день |
| the day after tomorrow послезавтра | two days later через два дня |
| yesterday вчера | the day before накануне |
| the day before yesterday позавчера | two days before двумя днями раньше |
| next week, month, year на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, году | the next (the following) week, month, year на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, году |
| last night вчера вечером (ночью) | the previous night предыдущим вечером (ночью) |
| last week, month, year на прошлой неделе, в прошлом месяце, году | the previous week, month, year на предыдущей неделе, в предыдущем месяце, году |
Прямая речь. She said, “I saw this movie last night.”
Косвенная речь. She said that she had seen that movie the previous night.
Примечание. Но помните, что такие замены нужно делать не автоматически, а сохраняя первоначальный смысл предложения.
